diff --git a/app/.env.example b/app/.env.example
index dae98f2..7eebaaa 100644
--- a/app/.env.example
+++ b/app/.env.example
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
-VITE_API_BASE_URL=http://localhost:8080/api
+# 웹 로컬 개발
+# VITE_API_BASE_URL=http://localhost:8080/api
+
+# 모바일 APK / exdev (HTTPS 443 미사용 — http 만)
+VITE_API_BASE_URL=http://exdev.co.kr/api
diff --git a/app/README.md b/app/README.md
index 7ec1b07..c5a6003 100644
--- a/app/README.md
+++ b/app/README.md
@@ -34,11 +34,13 @@ npm run cap:android   # or cap:ios
 
 Copy `.env.example` to `.env` and set `VITE_API_BASE_URL`.
 
-### 로그인 시 "Failed to fetch"
+### 로그인 시 "Failed to fetch" / "서버 응답이 느립니다"
 
-- APK는 빌드 시 `.env`의 `VITE_API_BASE_URL`이 번들에 박힙니다 (기본: `http://exdev.co.kr/api`).
-- `capacitor.config.ts`의 `androidScheme`은 **`http`** 여야 합니다. `https`이면 WebView가 `https://localhost`에서 뜨고 HTTP API 호출이 차단됩니다.
-- 설정에 `localhost` API가 저장돼 있으면 앱 시작 시 자동으로 제거합니다.
+- API는 **`http://exdev.co.kr/api`** 만 사용 (`https://exdev.co.kr` 은 443 미개방).
+- exdev 로그인은 **10~30초** 걸릴 수 있음 — 2분 타임아웃까지 대기.
+- APK는 `app/.env`의 `VITE_API_BASE_URL`이 빌드에 포함되어야 함.
+- `androidScheme`은 **`http`**. `CapacitorHttp`는 비활성(로그인 fetch 안정화).
+- 설정에 `localhost`·`https://` API가 저장돼 있으면 앱 시작 시 제거·`http`로 교정.
 
 ## FCM (Firebase)
 
diff --git a/app/android/FCM_SETUP.md b/app/android/FCM_SETUP.md
index 83b7a4a..3286a6e 100644
--- a/app/android/FCM_SETUP.md
+++ b/app/android/FCM_SETUP.md
@@ -12,11 +12,18 @@
 ## 2. 프로젝트에 배치
 
 ```bash
+# 권장: repo 루트 app/google-services.json (com.goldenchart.app 포함)
+cp ~/Downloads/google-services.json app/google-services.json
+./scripts/ensure-android-google-services.sh
+
+# 또는 한 번에
 ./scripts/setup-android-fcm.sh ~/Downloads/google-services.json
-# 또는
-cp ~/Downloads/google-services.json app/android/app/google-services.json
 ```
 
+빌드 시 `ensure-android-google-services.sh` 가 `app/google-services.json` 을  
+`app/android/app/google-services.json` 으로 복사합니다. **이 파일이 없으면**  
+알림 권한 허용 직후 `PushNotifications.register()` 에서 **앱이 종료**될 수 있습니다.
+
 ## 3. 빌드
 
 ```bash
@@ -35,17 +42,21 @@ cd app/android && ./gradlew assembleRelease
 
 ## 5. 앱에서 확인
 
-1. 로그인 후 **설정 → FCM 푸시** ON
-2. 알림 권한 허용
-3. **테스트 발송** 버튼
-4. 전략 시그널 발생 시 푸시 수신
+1. **2.4 이상 APK** 설치 (`google-services.json` 포함 빌드 필수)
+2. 크래시가 반복되면 **앱 삭제 후 재설치** (이전에 허용한 알림 권한 초기화)
+3. 로그인 → **설정 → FCM 푸시** ON
+4. **「알림 허용 · FCM 등록」** 버튼 → 시스템 팝업에서 허용 (2초 후 등록)
+5. **테스트 발송** 으로 확인
+
+로그인·메인 진입 시에는 **알림 권한을 절대 요청하지 않습니다** (2.3+).  
+FCM 푸시 토글 ON → **「알림 허용 · FCM 등록」** 버튼을 눌렀을 때만 권한 팝업이 뜹니다.
 
 ## goldenApp 과의 차이
 
 | 항목 | goldenApp | GoldenChart (Capacitor) |
 |------|-----------|-------------------------|
 | 패키지 | `com.golden.app` | `com.goldenchart.app` |
-| FCM SDK | 직접 Firebase Messaging | `@capacitor/push-notifications` |
+| FCM SDK | 직접 Firebase Messaging | 앱 내장 `GoldenFcm` 플러그인 (Capacitor Push 미사용) |
 | 토큰 등록 | `POST /api/fcm/token` | 동일 (`registerFcmToken`) |
 | 알림 채널 | `golden_alerts` | `goldenchart_trade_signals` |
 
diff --git a/app/android/app/build.gradle b/app/android/app/build.gradle
index 2fb6e28..f2b2d43 100644
--- a/app/android/app/build.gradle
+++ b/app/android/app/build.gradle
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ android {
         applicationId "com.goldenchart.app"
         minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdkVersion
         targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
-        versionCode 7
-        versionName "1.6"
+        versionCode 16
+        versionName "2.5"
         testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
         aaptOptions {
              // Files and dirs to omit from the packaged assets dir, modified to accommodate modern web apps.
@@ -40,15 +40,17 @@ dependencies {
     androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.ext:junit:$androidxJunitVersion"
     androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:$androidxEspressoCoreVersion"
     implementation project(':capacitor-cordova-android-plugins')
+    implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:33.7.0')
+    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging'
+    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:18.5.0'
 }
 
 apply from: 'capacitor.build.gradle'
 
-try {
-    def servicesJSON = file('google-services.json')
-    if (servicesJSON.text) {
-        apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
-    }
-} catch(Exception e) {
-    logger.info("google-services.json not found, google-services plugin not applied. Push Notifications won't work")
+def servicesJSON = file('google-services.json')
+if (!servicesJSON.exists()) {
+    throw new GradleException(
+        'google-services.json 없음. 실행: ./scripts/ensure-android-google-services.sh'
+    )
 }
+apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
diff --git a/app/android/app/capacitor.build.gradle b/app/android/app/capacitor.build.gradle
index 5664116..da3f341 100644
--- a/app/android/app/capacitor.build.gradle
+++ b/app/android/app/capacitor.build.gradle
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ dependencies {
     implementation project(':capacitor-app')
     implementation project(':capacitor-haptics')
     implementation project(':capacitor-preferences')
-    implementation project(':capacitor-push-notifications')
     implementation project(':capacitor-splash-screen')
     implementation project(':capacitor-status-bar')
 
diff --git a/app/android/app/google-services.json b/app/android/app/google-services.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bcab5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/android/app/google-services.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "project_info": {
+    "project_number": "353782909389",
+    "project_id": "goldenanalysisapp",
+    "storage_bucket": "goldenanalysisapp.firebasestorage.app"
+  },
+  "client": [
+    {
+      "client_info": {
+        "mobilesdk_app_id": "1:353782909389:android:45e0218e69611efcc75c84",
+        "android_client_info": {
+          "package_name": "com.golden.app"
+        }
+      },
+      "oauth_client": [],
+      "api_key": [
+        {
+          "current_key": "AIzaSyBZWkVrPvG88_bYnIG94yiml3VXzht157Y"
+        }
+      ],
+      "services": {
+        "appinvite_service": {
+          "other_platform_oauth_client": []
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "client_info": {
+        "mobilesdk_app_id": "1:353782909389:android:62e71bbb669c64bbc75c84",
+        "android_client_info": {
+          "package_name": "com.goldenchart.app"
+        }
+      },
+      "oauth_client": [],
+      "api_key": [
+        {
+          "current_key": "AIzaSyBZWkVrPvG88_bYnIG94yiml3VXzht157Y"
+        }
+      ],
+      "services": {
+        "appinvite_service": {
+          "other_platform_oauth_client": []
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "configuration_version": "1"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml b/app/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
index a17ac3c..e720e04 100644
--- a/app/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/app/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
 
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" />
@@ -18,6 +19,16 @@
         <meta-data
             android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.default_notification_channel_id"
             android:value="@string/default_notification_channel_id" />
+        <!-- 권한 허용·앱 시작 시 FCM 자동 초기화 방지 — JS register() 시에만 활성화 -->
+        <meta-data
+            android:name="firebase_messaging_auto_init_enabled"
+            android:value="false"
+            tools:replace="android:value" />
+
+        <!-- Capacitor push-notifications 잔여 병합 제거 (이중 MessagingService 크래시 방지) -->
+        <service
+            android:name="com.capacitorjs.plugins.pushnotifications.MessagingService"
+            tools:node="remove" />
 
         <activity
             android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize|locale|smallestScreenSize|screenLayout|uiMode|navigation"
@@ -34,6 +45,14 @@
 
         </activity>
 
+        <service
+            android:name=".GoldenChartMessagingService"
+            android:exported="false">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </service>
+
         <provider
             android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
             android:authorities="${applicationId}.fileprovider"
diff --git a/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/GoldenChartMessagingService.java b/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/GoldenChartMessagingService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb7f3f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/GoldenChartMessagingService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.goldenchart.app;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+import com.getcapacitor.JSObject;
+import com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessagingService;
+import com.google.firebase.messaging.RemoteMessage;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * FCM 수신 — JS GoldenFcm 리스너로 전달
+ */
+public class GoldenChartMessagingService extends FirebaseMessagingService {
+
+    @Override
+    public void onNewToken(@NonNull String token) {
+        super.onNewToken(token);
+        GoldenFcmPlugin.emitRegistration(token);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onMessageReceived(@NonNull RemoteMessage message) {
+        super.onMessageReceived(message);
+        JSObject notification = new JSObject();
+        RemoteMessage.Notification n = message.getNotification();
+        if (n != null) {
+            if (n.getTitle() != null) notification.put("title", n.getTitle());
+            if (n.getBody() != null) notification.put("body", n.getBody());
+        }
+        JSObject data = new JSObject();
+        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : message.getData().entrySet()) {
+            data.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
+        }
+        notification.put("data", data);
+        GoldenFcmPlugin.emitPushReceived(notification);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/GoldenFcmPlugin.java b/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/GoldenFcmPlugin.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4970538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/GoldenFcmPlugin.java
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package com.goldenchart.app;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.getcapacitor.JSObject;
+import com.getcapacitor.Plugin;
+import com.getcapacitor.PluginCall;
+import com.getcapacitor.PluginMethod;
+import com.getcapacitor.annotation.CapacitorPlugin;
+import com.getcapacitor.annotation.Permission;
+import com.getcapacitor.annotation.PermissionCallback;
+import com.google.android.gms.common.ConnectionResult;
+import com.google.android.gms.common.GoogleApiAvailability;
+import com.google.firebase.FirebaseApp;
+import com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessaging;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+/**
+ * FCM — Capacitor PushNotifications 미사용 (크래시 방지)
+ */
+@CapacitorPlugin(
+    name = "GoldenFcm",
+    permissions = {
+        @Permission(strings = { Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS }, alias = GoldenFcmPlugin.PERM)
+    }
+)
+public class GoldenFcmPlugin extends Plugin {
+
+    static final String PERM = "notifications";
+    private static final String TAG = "GoldenFcm";
+    private static GoldenFcmPlugin instance;
+
+    @Override
+    public void load() {
+        instance = this;
+    }
+
+    static void emitRegistration(String token) {
+        if (instance == null || token == null) return;
+        JSObject data = new JSObject();
+        data.put("value", token);
+        instance.notifyListeners("registration", data);
+    }
+
+    static void emitRegistrationError(String message) {
+        if (instance == null) return;
+        JSObject data = new JSObject();
+        data.put("error", message != null ? message : "unknown");
+        instance.notifyListeners("registrationError", data);
+    }
+
+    static void emitPushReceived(JSObject notification) {
+        if (instance == null) return;
+        instance.notifyListeners("pushNotificationReceived", notification);
+    }
+
+    static void emitPushAction(JSObject action) {
+        if (instance == null) return;
+        instance.notifyListeners("pushNotificationActionPerformed", action);
+    }
+
+    private static String permissionStateToString(com.getcapacitor.PermissionState state) {
+        if (state == com.getcapacitor.PermissionState.GRANTED) return "granted";
+        if (state == com.getcapacitor.PermissionState.DENIED) return "denied";
+        return "prompt";
+    }
+
+    private boolean ensurePlayServices(PluginCall call) {
+        try {
+            int code = GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance().isGooglePlayServicesAvailable(getContext());
+            if (code != ConnectionResult.SUCCESS) {
+                call.reject("Google Play 서비스 필요 (코드 " + code + ")");
+                return false;
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            call.reject("Play 서비스 확인 실패: " + t.getMessage());
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @PluginMethod
+    public void checkPermissions(PluginCall call) {
+        JSObject r = new JSObject();
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+            r.put("receive", "granted");
+            call.resolve(r);
+            return;
+        }
+        r.put("receive", permissionStateToString(getPermissionState(PERM)));
+        call.resolve(r);
+    }
+
+    /** 알림 권한만 요청 — FCM register 호출 없음 */
+    @PluginMethod
+    public void requestPermissions(PluginCall call) {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
+            JSObject r = new JSObject();
+            r.put("receive", "granted");
+            call.resolve(r);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (getPermissionState(PERM) == com.getcapacitor.PermissionState.GRANTED) {
+            JSObject r = new JSObject();
+            r.put("receive", "granted");
+            call.resolve(r);
+            return;
+        }
+        call.setKeepAlive(true);
+        requestPermissionForAlias(PERM, call, "onPermResult");
+    }
+
+    @PermissionCallback
+    private void onPermResult(PluginCall call) {
+        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed(() -> {
+            try {
+                JSObject r = new JSObject();
+                r.put("receive", permissionStateToString(getPermissionState(PERM)));
+                call.resolve(r);
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "onPermResult", t);
+                call.reject(t.getMessage());
+            }
+        }, 600);
+    }
+
+    /** 권한 허용 후 별도 호출 — Firebase getToken */
+    @PluginMethod
+    public void register(PluginCall call) {
+        call.setKeepAlive(true);
+
+        if (getActivity() == null || getActivity().isFinishing()) {
+            call.reject("Activity unavailable");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!ensurePlayServices(call)) return;
+
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU
+                && getPermissionState(PERM) != com.getcapacitor.PermissionState.GRANTED) {
+            call.reject("알림 권한이 필요합니다");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().execute(() -> {
+            try {
+                if (FirebaseApp.getApps(getContext()).isEmpty()) {
+                    FirebaseApp.initializeApp(getContext());
+                }
+                FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().setAutoInitEnabled(true);
+                FirebaseMessaging.getInstance()
+                    .getToken()
+                    .addOnCompleteListener(task -> {
+                        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(() -> {
+                            if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
+                                Exception ex = task.getException();
+                                String msg = ex != null ? ex.getMessage() : "getToken failed";
+                                Log.w(TAG, "getToken failed", ex);
+                                emitRegistrationError(msg);
+                                call.reject(msg);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            String token = task.getResult();
+                            Log.i(TAG, "FCM token ok");
+                            emitRegistration(token);
+                            JSObject ret = new JSObject();
+                            ret.put("value", token);
+                            call.resolve(ret);
+                        });
+                    });
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "register", t);
+                new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(() ->
+                    call.reject(t.getMessage() != null ? t.getMessage() : "register failed")
+                );
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @PluginMethod
+    public void unregister(PluginCall call) {
+        try {
+            if (!FirebaseApp.getApps(getContext()).isEmpty()) {
+                FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().setAutoInitEnabled(false);
+                FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().deleteToken();
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "unregister", t);
+        }
+        call.resolve();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/MainActivity.java b/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/MainActivity.java
index e6f2555..d745d92 100644
--- a/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/MainActivity.java
+++ b/app/android/app/src/main/java/com/goldenchart/app/MainActivity.java
@@ -4,20 +4,37 @@ import android.app.NotificationChannel;
 import android.app.NotificationManager;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.getcapacitor.BridgeActivity;
+import com.google.firebase.FirebaseApp;
 
 /**
- * Capacitor 메인 액티비티 — FCM 알림 채널 생성 (goldenApp / Android 8+)
+ * Capacitor 메인 액티비티 — GoldenFcm 플러그인 + 알림 채널
  */
 public class MainActivity extends BridgeActivity {
 
+    private static final String TAG = "GoldenChart";
+
     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+        registerPlugin(GoldenFcmPlugin.class);
+        initFirebaseSafe();
         createNotificationChannel();
     }
 
+    private void initFirebaseSafe() {
+        try {
+            if (FirebaseApp.getApps(this).isEmpty()) {
+                FirebaseApp.initializeApp(this);
+                Log.i(TAG, "FirebaseApp initialized");
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "FirebaseApp init failed", t);
+        }
+    }
+
     private void createNotificationChannel() {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O) return;
         String channelId = getString(R.string.default_notification_channel_id);
diff --git a/app/android/capacitor.settings.gradle b/app/android/capacitor.settings.gradle
index 7d5e659..11e7b73 100644
--- a/app/android/capacitor.settings.gradle
+++ b/app/android/capacitor.settings.gradle
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ project(':capacitor-haptics').projectDir = new File('../../node_modules/@capacit
 include ':capacitor-preferences'
 project(':capacitor-preferences').projectDir = new File('../../node_modules/@capacitor/preferences/android')
 
-include ':capacitor-push-notifications'
-project(':capacitor-push-notifications').projectDir = new File('../../node_modules/@capacitor/push-notifications/android')
-
 include ':capacitor-splash-screen'
 project(':capacitor-splash-screen').projectDir = new File('../../node_modules/@capacitor/splash-screen/android')
 
diff --git a/app/capacitor.config.ts b/app/capacitor.config.ts
index 586f0b6..12ef4c3 100644
--- a/app/capacitor.config.ts
+++ b/app/capacitor.config.ts
@@ -10,17 +10,15 @@ const config: CapacitorConfig = {
     iosScheme: 'capacitor',
   },
   plugins: {
+    // 네이티브 HTTP + AbortSignal 조합이 로그인 fetch 를 끊는 경우가 있어 WebView fetch 사용
     CapacitorHttp: {
-      enabled: true,
+      enabled: false,
     },
     SplashScreen: {
       launchAutoHide: true,
       backgroundColor: '#0f0f23',
       showSpinner: false,
     },
-    PushNotifications: {
-      presentationOptions: ['badge', 'sound', 'alert'],
-    },
   },
 };
 
diff --git a/app/google-services.json b/app/google-services.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bcab5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/google-services.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "project_info": {
+    "project_number": "353782909389",
+    "project_id": "goldenanalysisapp",
+    "storage_bucket": "goldenanalysisapp.firebasestorage.app"
+  },
+  "client": [
+    {
+      "client_info": {
+        "mobilesdk_app_id": "1:353782909389:android:45e0218e69611efcc75c84",
+        "android_client_info": {
+          "package_name": "com.golden.app"
+        }
+      },
+      "oauth_client": [],
+      "api_key": [
+        {
+          "current_key": "AIzaSyBZWkVrPvG88_bYnIG94yiml3VXzht157Y"
+        }
+      ],
+      "services": {
+        "appinvite_service": {
+          "other_platform_oauth_client": []
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "client_info": {
+        "mobilesdk_app_id": "1:353782909389:android:62e71bbb669c64bbc75c84",
+        "android_client_info": {
+          "package_name": "com.goldenchart.app"
+        }
+      },
+      "oauth_client": [],
+      "api_key": [
+        {
+          "current_key": "AIzaSyBZWkVrPvG88_bYnIG94yiml3VXzht157Y"
+        }
+      ],
+      "services": {
+        "appinvite_service": {
+          "other_platform_oauth_client": []
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "configuration_version": "1"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/package.json b/app/package.json
index 0e80320..1317de7 100644
--- a/app/package.json
+++ b/app/package.json
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     "dev": "vite",
     "build": "tsc && vite build",
     "preview": "vite preview",
-    "cap:sync": "npm run build && npx cap sync",
+    "cap:sync": "npm run build && bash ../scripts/ensure-android-google-services.sh && npx cap sync",
     "cap:open:android": "npx cap open android",
     "cap:open:ios": "npx cap open ios"
   },
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
     "@capacitor/haptics": "^7.0.0",
     "@capacitor/ios": "^7.0.0",
     "@capacitor/preferences": "^7.0.0",
-    "@capacitor/push-notifications": "^7.0.0",
     "@capacitor/splash-screen": "^7.0.0",
     "@capacitor/status-bar": "^7.0.0",
     "@goldenchart/shared": "*",
diff --git a/app/src/App.tsx b/app/src/App.tsx
index 9310b87..4af0ce0 100644
--- a/app/src/App.tsx
+++ b/app/src/App.tsx
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { NavigationProvider, useNavigation } from './contexts/NavigationContext'
 import { TradeNotificationProvider, useTradeNotification } from './contexts/TradeNotificationContext';
 import { useAppSettings, resolveAppDefaults } from './hooks/useAppSettings';
 import TabBar, { type TabId } from './components/TabBar';
-import { initFcmPush, type FcmPayload } from './services/fcm';
 import LiveSignalBridge from './components/LiveSignalBridge';
 import LoginScreen from './screens/LoginScreen';
 import '@frontend/styles/splashScreen.css';
@@ -37,37 +36,12 @@ function ToastStack() {
 
 function MainApp() {
   const { tab, setTab, openVirtualFocus, goVirtualList, goNotifyList } = useNavigation();
-  const { addNotification, refreshHistory, unreadCount } = useTradeNotification();
+  const { unreadCount } = useTradeNotification();
   const { sessionKey } = useAuth();
   const { settings, isLoaded } = useAppSettings(sessionKey);
   const defaults = resolveAppDefaults(settings);
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!isLoaded) return;
-    void initFcmPush({
-      onForeground: (_title, _body, data) => {
-        if (data?.market && data?.signalType) {
-          addNotification({
-            market: data.market,
-            signalType: data.signalType === 'SELL' ? 'SELL' : 'BUY',
-            price: Number(data.price) || 0,
-            candleTime: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
-            dbId: data.signalId ? Number(data.signalId) : undefined,
-          });
-        } else {
-          void refreshHistory();
-        }
-      },
-      onTap: (data: FcmPayload) => {
-        if (data.market) {
-          setTab('virtual');
-          openVirtualFocus(data.market);
-        } else {
-          setTab('notifications');
-        }
-      },
-    });
-  }, [isLoaded, addNotification, refreshHistory, setTab, openVirtualFocus]);
+  /** FCM/알림 권한: 로그인·메인 진입 시 호출하지 않음 — 설정 버튼에서만 */
 
   useEffect(() => {
     document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', defaults.theme ?? 'dark');
diff --git a/app/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx b/app/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx
index 267bb7c..1e13c3c 100644
--- a/app/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx
+++ b/app/src/contexts/AuthContext.tsx
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   type LoginResponse,
 } from '../lib/shared';
 import { invalidateAppSettingsCache, reloadAppSettingsCache } from '../hooks/useAppSettings';
+import { ensureMobileApiBase } from '../lib/ensureMobileApiBase';
 
 function normalizeRole(role: string): AuthSession['role'] {
   return role === 'ADMIN' ? 'ADMIN' : 'USER';
@@ -52,18 +53,20 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
   const [authUser, setAuthUser] = useState<AuthSession | null>(null);
   const [guestMode, setGuestMode] = useState(false);
   const [sessionKey, setSessionKey] = useState(0);
-
   useEffect(() => {
     let cancelled = false;
     void (async () => {
       await initStorage();
       if (Capacitor.isNativePlatform()) {
         const savedApi = storageGetSync('gc_api_base_url');
-        if (savedApi && /localhost|127\.0\.0\.1/i.test(savedApi)) {
+        if (
+          savedApi
+          && (/localhost|127\.0\.0\.1/i.test(savedApi) || /^https:/i.test(savedApi))
+        ) {
           await storageRemove('gc_api_base_url');
         }
       }
-      refreshApiBaseFromStorage();
+      ensureMobileApiBase();
       const stored = getAuthSession();
       if (stored) {
         try {
@@ -99,20 +102,18 @@ export function AuthProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
     setAuthSession(session);
     setAuthUser(session);
     setGuestMode(false);
+    setSessionKey(k => k + 1);
     invalidateAppSettingsCache();
-    void reloadAppSettingsCache().finally(() => {
-      setSessionKey(k => k + 1);
-    });
+    void reloadAppSettingsCache();
   }, []);
 
   const handleGuestEnter = useCallback(() => {
     void clearAuthSession();
     setAuthUser(null);
     setGuestMode(true);
+    setSessionKey(k => k + 1);
     invalidateAppSettingsCache();
-    void reloadAppSettingsCache().finally(() => {
-      setSessionKey(k => k + 1);
-    });
+    void reloadAppSettingsCache();
   }, []);
 
   const handleLogout = useCallback(async () => {
diff --git a/app/src/hooks/useAppVersion.ts b/app/src/hooks/useAppVersion.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f9c29c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/hooks/useAppVersion.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { Capacitor } from '@capacitor/core';
+import { App } from '@capacitor/app';
+
+/** 네이티브: build.gradle versionName / versionCode · 웹: dev */
+export function useAppVersion(): string {
+  const [label, setLabel] = useState('…');
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    void (async () => {
+      if (Capacitor.isNativePlatform()) {
+        try {
+          const { version, build } = await App.getInfo();
+          setLabel(build ? `${version} (build ${build})` : version);
+          return;
+        } catch {
+          /* fallback */
+        }
+      }
+      setLabel(
+        (import.meta as ImportMeta & { env?: { VITE_APP_VERSION?: string } }).env
+          ?.VITE_APP_VERSION ?? 'web',
+      );
+    })();
+  }, []);
+
+  return label;
+}
diff --git a/app/src/lib/ensureMobileApiBase.ts b/app/src/lib/ensureMobileApiBase.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ea7144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/lib/ensureMobileApiBase.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { Capacitor } from '@capacitor/core';
+import {
+  normalizeApiBaseUrl,
+  PRODUCTION_API_BASE,
+  refreshApiBaseFromStorage,
+  setApiBase,
+  storageGetSync,
+} from './shared';
+
+/** 네이티브 APK — 잘못된 API(localhost·https) 제거 후 exdev 고정 */
+export function ensureMobileApiBase(): string {
+  refreshApiBaseFromStorage();
+  if (!Capacitor.isNativePlatform()) {
+    return storageGetSync('gc_api_base_url') ?? PRODUCTION_API_BASE;
+  }
+  const saved = normalizeApiBaseUrl(storageGetSync('gc_api_base_url'));
+  const base = saved ?? PRODUCTION_API_BASE;
+  setApiBase(base);
+  return base;
+}
diff --git a/app/src/screens/MobileLoginScreen.tsx b/app/src/screens/MobileLoginScreen.tsx
index c659d3a..e55d09c 100644
--- a/app/src/screens/MobileLoginScreen.tsx
+++ b/app/src/screens/MobileLoginScreen.tsx
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 /**
- * 모바일 로그인 — SplashScreen UI + 느린 서버 대응(타임아웃·안내 문구)
+ * 모바일 로그인 — SplashScreen UI + 느린 서버(exdev) 대응
  */
 import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
-import { loginUser, type LoginResponse } from '../lib/shared';
+import {
+  loginUser,
+  initStorage,
+  type LoginResponse,
+} from '../lib/shared';
+import { ensureMobileApiBase } from '../lib/ensureMobileApiBase';
+import { useAppVersion } from '../hooks/useAppVersion';
 import '@frontend/styles/splashScreen.css';
 
 const DEFAULT_USERNAME = 'admin';
 const DEFAULT_PASSWORD = 'admin';
-const APP_VERSION = '1.2';
 
 interface Props {
   onLoginSuccess: (res: LoginResponse) => void;
@@ -15,23 +20,38 @@ interface Props {
 }
 
 export default function MobileLoginScreen({ onLoginSuccess, onGuest }: Props) {
+  const appVersion = useAppVersion();
   const [username, setUsername] = useState(DEFAULT_USERNAME);
   const [password, setPassword] = useState(DEFAULT_PASSWORD);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
   const [slowHint, setSlowHint] = useState(false);
+  const [storageReady, setStorageReady] = useState(false);
+  const [apiBase, setApiBase] = useState('');
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    void (async () => {
+      await initStorage();
+      setApiBase(ensureMobileApiBase());
+      setStorageReady(true);
+    })();
+  }, []);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!loading) {
       setSlowHint(false);
       return;
     }
-    const t = window.setTimeout(() => setSlowHint(true), 5000);
+    const t = window.setTimeout(() => setSlowHint(true), 4000);
     return () => window.clearTimeout(t);
   }, [loading]);
 
   const submitLogin = async (e: React.FormEvent) => {
     e.preventDefault();
+    if (!storageReady) {
+      setError('앱 초기화 중입니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도하세요.');
+      return;
+    }
     setError(null);
     setLoading(true);
     try {
@@ -60,7 +80,7 @@ export default function MobileLoginScreen({ onLoginSuccess, onGuest }: Props) {
               autoComplete="username"
               value={username}
               onChange={ev => setUsername(ev.target.value)}
-              disabled={loading}
+              disabled={loading || !storageReady}
               placeholder="ID"
             />
             <input
@@ -69,22 +89,29 @@ export default function MobileLoginScreen({ onLoginSuccess, onGuest }: Props) {
               autoComplete="current-password"
               value={password}
               onChange={ev => setPassword(ev.target.value)}
-              disabled={loading}
+              disabled={loading || !storageReady}
               placeholder="••••••••"
             />
             {error && <p className="splash-error">{error}</p>}
             {slowHint && loading && !error && (
               <p className="splash-error" style={{ opacity: 0.85 }}>
-                서버 응답이 느립니다. Wi‑Fi·모바일 데이터를 확인해 주세요…
+                exdev 서버가 느립니다. 첫 로그인은 <strong>최대 3분</strong> 걸릴 수 있습니다.
+                버튼이 「로그인 중…」인 동안 기다려 주세요.
+                <br />
+                <span style={{ fontSize: 11 }}>API: {apiBase || '…'}</span>
               </p>
             )}
-            <button type="submit" className="splash-login-btn" disabled={loading}>
-              {loading ? '로그인 중…' : '로그인'}
+            <button
+              type="submit"
+              className="splash-login-btn"
+              disabled={loading || !storageReady}
+            >
+              {!storageReady ? '준비 중…' : loading ? '로그인 중…' : '로그인'}
             </button>
           </form>
 
           <p className="splash-version">
-            버전: {APP_VERSION} | Core Engine: Ta4j &amp; Spring Boot
+            APK {appVersion} · API {apiBase.replace(/^https?:\/\//, '')}
           </p>
         </div>
 
diff --git a/app/src/screens/settings/SettingsScreen.tsx b/app/src/screens/settings/SettingsScreen.tsx
index ac88944..ef57ce5 100644
--- a/app/src/screens/settings/SettingsScreen.tsx
+++ b/app/src/screens/settings/SettingsScreen.tsx
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ import {
 import { useAuth } from '../../contexts/AuthContext';
 import { useAppSettings, resolveAppDefaults } from '../../hooks/useAppSettings';
 import { SettingGroup, SettingRow, Toggle } from '../../components/SettingsList';
-import { initFcmPush, checkPushPermission } from '../../services/fcm';
-import { API_BASE } from '../../lib/shared';
+import { API_BASE, normalizeApiBaseUrl, PRODUCTION_API_BASE } from '../../lib/shared';
 
 export default function SettingsScreen() {
   const { authUser, guestMode, sessionKey, handleLogout } = useAuth();
@@ -19,11 +18,11 @@ export default function SettingsScreen() {
   const defaults = resolveAppDefaults(settings);
   const [apiUrl, setApiUrl] = useState(API_BASE);
   const [fcmAvailable, setFcmAvailable] = useState(false);
-  const [pushPerm, setPushPerm] = useState<string>('prompt');
+  const [pushPerm, setPushPerm] = useState<string>('—');
+  const [fcmBusy, setFcmBusy] = useState(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     void loadFcmStatus().then(s => setFcmAvailable(!!s?.available));
-    void checkPushPermission().then(setPushPerm);
   }, []);
 
   const patch = useCallback((p: AppSettingsDto) => save(p as unknown as Parameters<typeof save>[0]), [save]);
@@ -133,12 +132,17 @@ export default function SettingsScreen() {
       </SettingGroup>
 
       <SettingGroup title="FCM 푸시">
-        <SettingRow label="푸시 알림" description={fcmAvailable ? 'Firebase 연결됨' : 'Firebase 미설정'}>
+        <SettingRow
+          label="푸시 알림"
+          description={fcmAvailable ? 'Firebase 연결됨' : 'Firebase 미설정 · 1.9+ APK 필요'}
+        >
           <Toggle
             checked={!!defaults.fcmPushEnabled}
             onChange={v => {
               patch({ fcmPushEnabled: v });
-              if (v) void initFcmPush().then(() => checkPushPermission().then(setPushPerm));
+              if (!v) {
+                void import('../../services/fcm').then(m => m.unregisterFcmPush());
+              }
             }}
             label="FCM 푸시"
           />
@@ -146,6 +150,56 @@ export default function SettingsScreen() {
         <SettingRow label="권한 상태">
           <span className="text-muted">{pushPerm}</span>
         </SettingRow>
+        {defaults.fcmPushEnabled && (
+          <>
+            <SettingRow label="① 알림 권한" description="허용 후 앱이 꺼지면 ②는 나중에">
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="btn-secondary"
+                style={{ padding: '8px 12px', minHeight: 36 }}
+                disabled={fcmBusy}
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setFcmBusy(true);
+                  void (async () => {
+                    const fcm = await import('../../services/fcm');
+                    const ok = await fcm.requestNotificationPermissionOnly();
+                    setPushPerm(await fcm.checkPushPermission());
+                    if (!ok) {
+                      window.alert('알림 권한이 거부되었습니다.');
+                    }
+                  })().finally(() => setFcmBusy(false));
+                }}
+              >
+                알림 권한 허용
+              </button>
+            </SettingRow>
+            <SettingRow label="② FCM 등록" description="① 완료 후 누르세요 (APK 2.5+)">
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="btn-secondary"
+                style={{ padding: '8px 12px', minHeight: 36 }}
+                disabled={fcmBusy}
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setFcmBusy(true);
+                  void (async () => {
+                    const fcm = await import('../../services/fcm');
+                    const ok = await fcm.registerFcmTokenOnly();
+                    setPushPerm(await fcm.checkPushPermission());
+                    if (!ok) {
+                      window.alert(
+                        'FCM 등록 실패.\n'
+                        + '① 알림 권한 허용 후\n'
+                        + '② APK 2.5 재설치',
+                      );
+                    }
+                  })().finally(() => setFcmBusy(false));
+                }}
+              >
+                FCM 토큰 등록
+              </button>
+            </SettingRow>
+          </>
+        )}
         <SettingRow label="테스트 발송">
           <button type="button" className="btn-secondary" style={{ padding: '8px 12px', minHeight: 36 }} onClick={() => void sendFcmTest()}>테스트</button>
         </SettingRow>
@@ -160,7 +214,18 @@ export default function SettingsScreen() {
           />
         </SettingRow>
         <SettingRow label="적용">
-          <button type="button" className="btn-secondary" style={{ padding: '8px 12px' }} onClick={() => { setApiBase(apiUrl); window.location.reload(); }}>저장</button>
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className="btn-secondary"
+            style={{ padding: '8px 12px' }}
+            onClick={() => {
+              const next = normalizeApiBaseUrl(apiUrl) ?? PRODUCTION_API_BASE;
+              setApiBase(next);
+              window.location.reload();
+            }}
+          >
+            저장
+          </button>
         </SettingRow>
         <SettingRow label="Device ID">
           <span className="text-muted" style={{ fontSize: 10, wordBreak: 'break-all', maxWidth: 180 }}>{getStoredDeviceId()}</span>
diff --git a/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualFocusScreen.tsx b/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualFocusScreen.tsx
index ef3a400..f47f95f 100644
--- a/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualFocusScreen.tsx
+++ b/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualFocusScreen.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ interface Props {
   session: VirtualSessionConfig;
   strategies: StrategyDto[];
   snapshot?: VirtualIndicatorSnapshot;
+  signalLoading?: boolean;
   liveConnected: boolean;
   onBack: () => void;
   onTrade: (side: TradeSide) => void;
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ interface Props {
 export default function VirtualFocusScreen({
   target,
   snapshot,
+  signalLoading,
   liveConnected,
   onBack,
   onTrade,
@@ -72,6 +74,11 @@ export default function VirtualFocusScreen({
         </div>
 
         <h3 style={{ fontSize: 14, marginBottom: 8 }}>조건 목록</h3>
+        {signalLoading && !(snapshot?.rows?.length) && (
+          <p className="text-muted" style={{ fontSize: 13, marginBottom: 12 }}>
+            지표 데이터 수집 중… (업비트 캔들 · 실시간 연결)
+          </p>
+        )}
         <div className="stack-list">
           {(snapshot?.rows ?? []).map(row => (
             <div key={row.id} className="card mobile-history-row">
diff --git a/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualTargetListRow.tsx b/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualTargetListRow.tsx
index 51d4c7d..e077675 100644
--- a/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualTargetListRow.tsx
+++ b/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualTargetListRow.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ interface Props {
   globalStrategyId: number | null;
   strategies: StrategyDto[];
   snapshot?: VirtualIndicatorSnapshot;
+  signalLoading?: boolean;
   liveStatus?: VirtualLiveStatus;
   onDetail: () => void;
   onTrade: (side: TradeSide) => void;
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ export default function VirtualTargetListRow({
   globalStrategyId,
   strategies,
   snapshot,
+  signalLoading,
   liveStatus,
   onDetail,
   onTrade,
@@ -42,7 +44,10 @@ export default function VirtualTargetListRow({
             <span>{target.koreanName ?? target.market}</span>
           </div>
           <div className="text-muted mobile-list-row-meta">
-            {target.market} · {strategyName} · {matchPct.toFixed(0)}%
+            {target.market} · {strategyName}
+            {signalLoading && !snapshot?.rows?.length
+              ? ' · 지표 수집 중…'
+              : ` · ${matchPct.toFixed(0)}%`}
           </div>
         </div>
         <div className="mobile-list-row-pin">
diff --git a/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualTradingScreen.tsx b/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualTradingScreen.tsx
index be07dd3..c881eee 100644
--- a/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualTradingScreen.tsx
+++ b/app/src/screens/virtual/VirtualTradingScreen.tsx
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ export default function VirtualTradingScreen() {
     trades,
     loading,
     snapshots,
+    snapshotLoadingByMarket,
     liveStatusByMarket,
     handleStart,
     handleStop,
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ export default function VirtualTradingScreen() {
         session={session}
         strategies={strategies}
         snapshot={snap}
+        signalLoading={snapshotLoadingByMarket[market]}
         liveConnected={liveConnected}
         onBack={goVirtualList}
         onTrade={side => goVirtualTrade(market, side)}
@@ -175,6 +177,7 @@ export default function VirtualTradingScreen() {
             const strategyId = resolveVirtualTargetStrategyId(t, session.globalStrategyId);
             const snapKey = `${t.market}:${strategyId ?? ''}`;
             const snap = snapshots[snapKey] ?? snapshots[t.market];
+            const signalLoading = snapshotLoadingByMarket[t.market];
             return (
               <VirtualTargetListRow
                 key={t.market}
@@ -182,6 +185,7 @@ export default function VirtualTradingScreen() {
                 globalStrategyId={session.globalStrategyId}
                 strategies={strategies}
                 snapshot={snap}
+                signalLoading={signalLoading}
                 liveStatus={liveStatusByMarket[t.market]}
                 onDetail={() => goVirtualDetail(t.market)}
                 onTrade={side => goVirtualTrade(t.market, side)}
diff --git a/app/src/services/fcm.ts b/app/src/services/fcm.ts
index faea306..1c04318 100644
--- a/app/src/services/fcm.ts
+++ b/app/src/services/fcm.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 import {
   registerFcmToken,
   deleteFcmToken,
+  storageGet,
+  storageSet,
+  storageRemove,
 } from '../lib/shared';
-import { PushNotifications } from '@capacitor/push-notifications';
-import { Capacitor } from '@capacitor/core';
+import { Capacitor, registerPlugin } from '@capacitor/core';
 
-/** AndroidManifest default_notification_channel_id 와 동일 */
 export const FCM_CHANNEL_ID = 'goldenchart_trade_signals';
+export const FCM_USER_OPT_IN_KEY = 'gc_fcm_user_opt_in';
+export const FCM_REGISTERED_KEY = 'gc_fcm_registered';
 
 export interface FcmPayload {
   type?: string;
@@ -21,93 +24,145 @@ type FcmHandlers = {
   onTap?: (data: FcmPayload) => void;
 };
 
-let initialized = false;
-let listenersAttached = false;
-
-async function ensureAndroidNotificationChannel(): Promise<void> {
-  if (Capacitor.getPlatform() !== 'android') return;
-  try {
-    await PushNotifications.createChannel({
-      id: FCM_CHANNEL_ID,
-      name: '매매 시그널 알림',
-      description: '전략 조건 일치 시 매수·매도 푸시',
-      importance: 5,
-      visibility: 1,
-      vibration: true,
-    });
-  } catch (e) {
-    console.warn('[FCM] createChannel failed', e);
-  }
+interface GoldenFcmPlugin {
+  checkPermissions(): Promise<{ receive: string }>;
+  requestPermissions(): Promise<{ receive: string }>;
+  register(): Promise<{ value: string }>;
+  unregister(): Promise<void>;
+  addListener(
+    event: 'registration',
+    listener: (data: { value: string }) => void,
+  ): Promise<{ remove: () => void }>;
+  addListener(
+    event: 'registrationError',
+    listener: (data: { error?: string }) => void,
+  ): Promise<{ remove: () => void }>;
+  addListener(
+    event: 'pushNotificationReceived',
+    listener: (data: { title?: string; body?: string; data?: FcmPayload }) => void,
+  ): Promise<{ remove: () => void }>;
+  addListener(
+    event: 'pushNotificationActionPerformed',
+    listener: (data: { notification?: { data?: FcmPayload } }) => void,
+  ): Promise<{ remove: () => void }>;
 }
 
-function attachListeners(handlers: FcmHandlers): void {
-  if (listenersAttached) return;
+const GoldenFcm = registerPlugin<GoldenFcmPlugin>('GoldenFcm');
+
+let tokenRegistered = false;
+let listenersAttached = false;
+
+async function userOptedIn(): Promise<boolean> {
+  return (await storageGet(FCM_USER_OPT_IN_KEY)) === '1';
+}
+
+export async function markFcmUserOptIn(): Promise<void> {
+  await storageSet(FCM_USER_OPT_IN_KEY, '1');
+}
+
+async function attachListeners(handlers: {
+  onForeground?: (title: string, body: string, data?: FcmPayload) => void;
+  onTap?: (data: FcmPayload) => void;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  if (listenersAttached || Capacitor.getPlatform() !== 'android') return;
   listenersAttached = true;
 
-  void PushNotifications.addListener('registration', async token => {
+  await GoldenFcm.addListener('registration', async data => {
     try {
-      await registerFcmToken(token.value);
-      console.info('[FCM] token registered with server');
+      await registerFcmToken(data.value);
+      await storageSet(FCM_REGISTERED_KEY, '1');
     } catch (e) {
       console.warn('[FCM] token register failed', e);
     }
   });
 
-  void PushNotifications.addListener('registrationError', err => {
+  await GoldenFcm.addListener('registrationError', err => {
     console.warn('[FCM] registration error', err);
+    void storageRemove(FCM_REGISTERED_KEY);
   });
 
-  void PushNotifications.addListener('pushNotificationReceived', notification => {
+  await GoldenFcm.addListener('pushNotificationReceived', notification => {
     const title = notification.title ?? 'GoldenChart';
     const body = notification.body ?? '';
     handlers.onForeground?.(title, body, notification.data as FcmPayload);
   });
 
-  void PushNotifications.addListener('pushNotificationActionPerformed', action => {
-    handlers.onTap?.(action.notification.data as FcmPayload);
+  await GoldenFcm.addListener('pushNotificationActionPerformed', action => {
+    handlers.onTap?.(action.notification?.data as FcmPayload);
   });
 }
 
-/**
- * FCM 토큰 등록 (로그인 후 호출 — 서버 fcm_push_enabled 와 별개로 토큰만 등록)
- */
-export async function initFcmPush(handlers: FcmHandlers = {}): Promise<boolean> {
-  if (!Capacitor.isNativePlatform()) {
-    console.info('[FCM] Web dev — native push skipped');
+/** ① 알림 권한만 (FCM 미호출 — 허용 직후 크래시 방지) */
+export async function requestNotificationPermissionOnly(): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (Capacitor.getPlatform() !== 'android') return false;
+  await markFcmUserOptIn();
+  const perm = await GoldenFcm.checkPermissions();
+  if (perm.receive === 'granted') return true;
+  const req = await GoldenFcm.requestPermissions();
+  return req.receive === 'granted';
+}
+
+/** ② 권한 허용 후 FCM 토큰 등록 */
+export async function registerFcmTokenOnly(): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (Capacitor.getPlatform() !== 'android') return false;
+  if (!(await userOptedIn())) return false;
+
+  const perm = await GoldenFcm.checkPermissions();
+  if (perm.receive !== 'granted') return false;
+
+  try {
+    await attachListeners({});
+    if (tokenRegistered) return true;
+
+    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 800));
+    const result = await GoldenFcm.register();
+    tokenRegistered = true;
+    if (result?.value) {
+      await registerFcmToken(result.value);
+      await storageSet(FCM_REGISTERED_KEY, '1');
+    }
+    return !!result?.value;
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.warn('[FCM] register failed', e);
     return false;
   }
+}
 
-  await ensureAndroidNotificationChannel();
-  attachListeners(handlers);
+export async function isFcmRegisteredOnDevice(): Promise<boolean> {
+  return (await storageGet(FCM_REGISTERED_KEY)) === '1';
+}
 
-  const perm = await PushNotifications.checkPermissions();
-  if (perm.receive !== 'granted') {
-    const req = await PushNotifications.requestPermissions();
-    if (req.receive !== 'granted') {
-      console.warn('[FCM] notification permission denied');
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!initialized) {
-    await PushNotifications.register();
-    initialized = true;
-  }
-  return true;
+/** @deprecated — requestNotificationPermissionOnly + registerFcmTokenOnly 사용 */
+export async function initFcmPush(): Promise<boolean> {
+  const ok = await requestNotificationPermissionOnly();
+  if (!ok) return false;
+  await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 1000));
+  return registerFcmTokenOnly();
 }
 
 export async function unregisterFcmPush(): Promise<void> {
   if (!Capacitor.isNativePlatform()) return;
   try {
     await deleteFcmToken();
+    if (Capacitor.getPlatform() === 'android' && (await userOptedIn())) {
+      await GoldenFcm.unregister();
+    }
   } catch { /* ignore */ }
-  initialized = false;
+  tokenRegistered = false;
+  listenersAttached = false;
+  await storageRemove(FCM_REGISTERED_KEY);
+  await storageRemove(FCM_USER_OPT_IN_KEY);
 }
 
-export async function checkPushPermission(): Promise<'granted' | 'denied' | 'prompt'> {
-  if (!Capacitor.isNativePlatform()) return 'prompt';
-  const perm = await PushNotifications.checkPermissions();
-  if (perm.receive === 'granted') return 'granted';
-  if (perm.receive === 'denied') return 'denied';
-  return 'prompt';
+export async function checkPushPermission(): Promise<'granted' | 'denied' | 'prompt' | 'unknown'> {
+  if (!Capacitor.isNativePlatform()) return 'unknown';
+  try {
+    if (Capacitor.getPlatform() !== 'android') return 'unknown';
+    const perm = await GoldenFcm.checkPermissions();
+    if (perm.receive === 'granted') return 'granted';
+    if (perm.receive === 'denied') return 'denied';
+    return 'prompt';
+  } catch {
+    return 'unknown';
+  }
 }
diff --git a/app/vite.config.ts b/app/vite.config.ts
index 4f596bb..0ef1067 100644
--- a/app/vite.config.ts
+++ b/app/vite.config.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const frontendRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, '../frontend/src');
 const sharedRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, '../packages/shared/src');
 
 export default defineConfig({
+  envDir: __dirname,
   plugins: [react()],
   resolve: {
     dedupe: ['react', 'react-dom', 'lightweight-charts'],
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/TrendSearchPage.tsx b/frontend/src/components/TrendSearchPage.tsx
index dbfc64b..4f87622 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/TrendSearchPage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/TrendSearchPage.tsx
@@ -183,7 +183,6 @@ const TrendSearchPage: React.FC<Props> = ({
     void add(row.market, {
       koreanName,
       englishName,
-      candleType: filtersRef.current.timeframe,
     });
   }, [add]);
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/VirtualTradingPage.tsx b/frontend/src/components/VirtualTradingPage.tsx
index 704b94d..378076b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/VirtualTradingPage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/VirtualTradingPage.tsx
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ import {
   type VirtualSessionConfig,
   type VirtualTargetItem,
   type VirtualCardViewMode,
-  resolveTargetCandleType,
 } from '../utils/virtualTradingStorage';
-import { normalizeStartCandleType } from '../utils/strategyStartNodes';
 import { useAppSettings, resolveAppDefaults } from '../hooks/useAppSettings';
 import { coerceFiniteNumber } from '../utils/safeFormat';
 import {
@@ -179,7 +177,11 @@ const VirtualTradingPage: React.FC<Props> = ({
     })),
   [targets, session.globalStrategyId]);
 
-  const snapshots = useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots(targetRefs, strategies, session.running);
+  const { snapshots, loadingByMarket: snapshotLoadingByMarket } = useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots(
+    targetRefs,
+    strategies,
+    session.running,
+  );
   const { statusByMarket: liveStatusByMarket, lastTickAtByMarket } = useVirtualTargetLiveStatus(
     targetRefs,
     session.running,
@@ -341,59 +343,6 @@ const VirtualTradingPage: React.FC<Props> = ({
     }
   }, [session]);
 
-  const handleTargetCandleTypeChange = useCallback(async (market: string, candleType: string) => {
-    const normalized = normalizeStartCandleType(candleType);
-    setTargets(prev => prev.map(t =>
-      t.market === market ? { ...t, candleType: normalized } : t,
-    ));
-    if (!session.running) return;
-    const target = targets.find(t => t.market === market);
-    const strategyId = target
-      ? resolveVirtualTargetStrategyId(target, session.globalStrategyId)
-      : session.globalStrategyId;
-    if (!strategyId) return;
-    try {
-      await saveLiveStrategySettings({
-        market,
-        strategyId,
-        isLiveCheck: true,
-        executionType: session.executionType,
-        positionMode: session.positionMode,
-        skipWatchlistSync: true,
-        skipGlobalTemplate: true,
-      });
-      if (strategyId) {
-        await pinStrategyEvaluationTimeframes(market, strategyId);
-      }
-    } catch {
-      window.alert('종목 평가 분봉 변경 저장에 실패했습니다.');
-    }
-  }, [session, targets]);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let cancelled = false;
-    const missing = targets.filter(t => !t.candleType);
-    if (missing.length === 0) return;
-    void Promise.all(
-      missing.map(async t => {
-        try {
-          const s = await loadLiveStrategySettings(t.market);
-          return { market: t.market, candleType: s.candleType };
-        } catch {
-          return { market: t.market, candleType: undefined };
-        }
-      }),
-    ).then(rows => {
-      if (cancelled) return;
-      setTargets(prev => prev.map(t => {
-        const row = rows.find(r => r.market === t.market);
-        if (t.candleType || !row?.candleType) return t;
-        return { ...t, candleType: normalizeStartCandleType(row.candleType) };
-      }));
-    });
-    return () => { cancelled = true; };
-  }, [targets.map(t => `${t.market}:${t.candleType ?? ''}`).join('|')]);
-
   const resyncRunningSession = useCallback(async (nextSession: VirtualSessionConfig) => {
     if (!session.running || targets.length === 0) return;
     try {
@@ -483,9 +432,9 @@ const VirtualTradingPage: React.FC<Props> = ({
           targets={targets}
           strategies={strategies}
           snapshots={snapshots}
+          snapshotLoadingByMarket={snapshotLoadingByMarket}
           session={session}
           onTargetStrategyChange={(market, strategyId) => void handleTargetStrategyChange(market, strategyId)}
-          onTargetCandleTypeChange={(market, ct) => void handleTargetCandleTypeChange(market, ct)}
           liveStatusByMarket={mergedLiveStatus}
           lastTickAtByMarket={lastTickAtByMarket}
           selectedMarket={selectedMarket}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCard.tsx b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCard.tsx
index 7e87f12..9dc09e3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCard.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCard.tsx
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ import type { VirtualIndicatorSnapshot } from '../../hooks/useVirtualIndicatorSn
 import { useLiveReceiveFlash } from '../../hooks/useLiveReceiveFlash';
 import type { ChartRealtimeSource } from '../../hooks/useChartRealtimeData';
 import { buildConditionMetrics } from '../../utils/virtualSignalMetrics';
-import { candleTypeToTimeframe } from '../../utils/strategyToChartIndicators';
-import { normalizeStartCandleType } from '../../utils/strategyStartNodes';
+import { resolveStrategyPrimaryTimeframe } from '../../utils/strategyToChartIndicators';
 import type { Timeframe } from '../../types';
 import VirtualLiveBadge from './VirtualLiveBadge';
 import type { VirtualLiveStatus } from '../../hooks/useVirtualTargetLiveStatus';
@@ -27,9 +26,8 @@ interface Props {
   strategyId: number | null;
   globalStrategyId: number | null;
   onStrategyChange?: (strategyId: number | null) => void;
-  candleType: string;
-  onCandleTypeChange?: (candleType: string) => void;
   snapshot: VirtualIndicatorSnapshot | undefined;
+  signalLoading?: boolean;
   running: boolean;
   liveStatus?: VirtualLiveStatus;
   lastTickAt?: number;
@@ -54,9 +52,8 @@ const VirtualTargetCard: React.FC<Props> = ({
   strategyId,
   globalStrategyId,
   onStrategyChange,
-  candleType,
-  onCandleTypeChange,
   snapshot,
+  signalLoading = false,
   running,
   liveStatus = 'idle',
   lastTickAt,
@@ -83,8 +80,10 @@ const VirtualTargetCard: React.FC<Props> = ({
 
   const isDetail = viewMode === 'detail';
   const isChart = displayMode === 'chart';
-  const evalCandleType = normalizeStartCandleType(candleType);
-  const chartTimeframe = candleTypeToTimeframe(evalCandleType) as Timeframe;
+  const chartTimeframe = useMemo(
+    () => resolveStrategyPrimaryTimeframe(strategy) as Timeframe,
+    [strategy],
+  );
 
   const receiveSignal = useMemo(() => {
     if (!running) return null;
@@ -184,6 +183,7 @@ const VirtualTargetCard: React.FC<Props> = ({
           snapshot={snapshot}
           viewMode={viewMode}
           receiving={highlightReceiving}
+          loading={signalLoading}
         />
       )}
 
@@ -192,9 +192,7 @@ const VirtualTargetCard: React.FC<Props> = ({
         strategies={strategies}
         strategyId={strategyId}
         globalStrategyId={globalStrategyId}
-        candleType={evalCandleType}
         onStrategyChange={onStrategyChange}
-        onCandleTypeChange={onCandleTypeChange}
       />
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCardChart.tsx b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCardChart.tsx
index 62fa3a8..4d067f0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCardChart.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCardChart.tsx
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ interface Props {
   chartPaneSeparator?: import('../../types/chartPaneSeparator').ChartPaneSeparatorOptions;
   /** 전체보기 분할 pane — 캔버스 높이 100% */
   fillHeight?: boolean;
-  /** 카드 푸터 평가 분봉과 동기화 */
+  /** 미지정 시 전략 DSL 대표 분봉 사용 */
   chartTimeframe?: Timeframe;
 }
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCardFoot.tsx b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCardFoot.tsx
index 3bc2737..3440c1b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCardFoot.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetCardFoot.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import React from 'react';
 import type { StrategyDto } from '../../utils/backendApi';
 import type { VirtualIndicatorSnapshot } from '../../hooks/useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots';
 import { formatUpdatedTime } from '../../utils/virtualSignalMetrics';
-import { STRATEGY_CANDLE_TYPE_OPTIONS } from '../../utils/strategyStartNodes';
 import {
   defaultStrategyOptionLabel,
   parseTargetStrategySelectValue,
@@ -14,20 +13,16 @@ interface Props {
   strategies: StrategyDto[];
   strategyId: number | null;
   globalStrategyId: number | null;
-  candleType: string;
   onStrategyChange?: (strategyId: number | null) => void;
-  onCandleTypeChange?: (candleType: string) => void;
 }
 
-/** 카드 하단 — 갱신 시각(좌) · 전략·시간봉 드롭다운(우) */
+/** 카드 하단 — 갱신 시각(좌) · 전략 드롭다운(우) */
 const VirtualTargetCardFoot: React.FC<Props> = ({
   snapshot,
   strategies,
   strategyId,
   globalStrategyId,
-  candleType,
   onStrategyChange,
-  onCandleTypeChange,
 }) => (
   <div className="vtd-card-foot">
     <span className="vtd-card-updated">갱신 {formatUpdatedTime(snapshot?.updatedAt)}</span>
@@ -49,18 +44,6 @@ const VirtualTargetCardFoot: React.FC<Props> = ({
           ))}
         </select>
       </label>
-      <label className="vtd-card-foot-field">
-        <select
-          className="vtd-card-foot-select vtd-card-foot-select--tf"
-          aria-label="시간봉"
-          value={candleType}
-          onChange={e => onCandleTypeChange?.(e.target.value)}
-        >
-          {STRATEGY_CANDLE_TYPE_OPTIONS.map(o => (
-            <option key={o.value} value={o.value}>{o.label}</option>
-          ))}
-        </select>
-      </label>
     </div>
   </div>
 );
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetFocusView.tsx b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetFocusView.tsx
index 192373b..40508e0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetFocusView.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetFocusView.tsx
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ import VirtualTargetQuote from './VirtualTargetQuote';
 import VirtualTargetCardChart from './VirtualTargetCardChart';
 import VirtualTargetSignalPanel from './VirtualTargetSignalPanel';
 import VirtualTargetCardFoot from './VirtualTargetCardFoot';
-import { candleTypeToTimeframe } from '../../utils/strategyToChartIndicators';
-import { normalizeStartCandleType } from '../../utils/strategyStartNodes';
+import { resolveStrategyPrimaryTimeframe } from '../../utils/strategyToChartIndicators';
 import type { Timeframe } from '../../types';
 
 interface Props {
@@ -24,9 +23,8 @@ interface Props {
   strategyId: number | null;
   globalStrategyId: number | null;
   onStrategyChange?: (strategyId: number | null) => void;
-  candleType: string;
-  onCandleTypeChange?: (candleType: string) => void;
   snapshot: VirtualIndicatorSnapshot | undefined;
+  signalLoading?: boolean;
   running: boolean;
   liveStatus?: VirtualLiveStatus;
   lastTickAt?: number;
@@ -48,9 +46,8 @@ const VirtualTargetFocusView: React.FC<Props> = ({
   strategyId,
   globalStrategyId,
   onStrategyChange,
-  candleType,
-  onCandleTypeChange,
   snapshot,
+  signalLoading = false,
   running,
   liveStatus = 'idle',
   lastTickAt,
@@ -72,8 +69,10 @@ const VirtualTargetFocusView: React.FC<Props> = ({
   }, [running, lastTickAt, snapshot?.updatedAt]);
   const receiving = useLiveReceiveFlash(receiveSignal, running);
   const highlightReceiving = chartLiveReceiveHighlight && receiving;
-  const evalCandleType = normalizeStartCandleType(candleType);
-  const chartTimeframe = candleTypeToTimeframe(evalCandleType) as Timeframe;
+  const chartTimeframe = useMemo(
+    () => resolveStrategyPrimaryTimeframe(strategy) as Timeframe,
+    [strategy],
+  );
 
   return (
     <div className={`vtd-focus-wrap${highlightReceiving ? ' vtd-focus-wrap--receiving' : ''}`}>
@@ -129,6 +128,7 @@ const VirtualTargetFocusView: React.FC<Props> = ({
               snapshot={snapshot}
               viewMode={viewMode}
               receiving={highlightReceiving}
+              loading={signalLoading}
             />
           </div>
         </section>
@@ -139,9 +139,7 @@ const VirtualTargetFocusView: React.FC<Props> = ({
         strategies={strategies}
         strategyId={strategyId}
         globalStrategyId={globalStrategyId}
-        candleType={evalCandleType}
         onStrategyChange={onStrategyChange}
-        onCandleTypeChange={onCandleTypeChange}
       />
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetGrid.tsx b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetGrid.tsx
index 285779d..35bd2e5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetGrid.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetGrid.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import {
   type VirtualTargetItem,
   type VirtualCardViewMode,
   type VirtualSessionConfig,
-  resolveTargetCandleType,
 } from '../../utils/virtualTradingStorage';
 import type { VirtualLiveStatus } from '../../hooks/useVirtualTargetLiveStatus';
 import type { VirtualIndicatorSnapshot } from '../../hooks/useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots';
@@ -19,9 +18,9 @@ interface Props {
   targets: VirtualTargetItem[];
   strategies: StrategyDto[];
   snapshots: Record<string, VirtualIndicatorSnapshot>;
+  snapshotLoadingByMarket?: Record<string, boolean>;
   session: Pick<VirtualSessionConfig, 'globalStrategyId' | 'executionType' | 'positionMode' | 'running'>;
   onTargetStrategyChange: (market: string, strategyId: number | null) => void;
-  onTargetCandleTypeChange: (market: string, candleType: string) => void;
   liveStatusByMarket?: Record<string, VirtualLiveStatus>;
   lastTickAtByMarket?: Record<string, number>;
   selectedMarket?: string;
@@ -38,9 +37,8 @@ interface Props {
 }
 
 const VirtualTargetGrid: React.FC<Props> = ({
-  targets, strategies, snapshots, session,
+  targets, strategies, snapshots, snapshotLoadingByMarket = {}, session,
   onTargetStrategyChange,
-  onTargetCandleTypeChange,
   liveStatusByMarket = {}, lastTickAtByMarket = {}, selectedMarket,
   onSelectMarket,
   theme = 'dark',
@@ -119,9 +117,8 @@ const VirtualTargetGrid: React.FC<Props> = ({
           strategyId={focusTarget.strategyId}
           globalStrategyId={session.globalStrategyId}
           onStrategyChange={id => onTargetStrategyChange(focusTarget.market, id)}
-          candleType={resolveTargetCandleType(focusTarget, snapshots[focusTarget.market]?.timeframe)}
-          onCandleTypeChange={ct => onTargetCandleTypeChange(focusTarget.market, ct)}
           snapshot={snapshots[focusTarget.market]}
+          signalLoading={snapshotLoadingByMarket[focusTarget.market]}
           running={session.running}
           liveStatus={liveStatusByMarket[focusTarget.market] ?? (session.running ? 'connecting' : 'idle')}
           lastTickAt={lastTickAtByMarket[focusTarget.market]}
@@ -147,9 +144,8 @@ const VirtualTargetGrid: React.FC<Props> = ({
                 strategyId={t.strategyId}
                 globalStrategyId={session.globalStrategyId}
                 onStrategyChange={id => onTargetStrategyChange(t.market, id)}
-                candleType={resolveTargetCandleType(t, snapshots[t.market]?.timeframe)}
-                onCandleTypeChange={ct => onTargetCandleTypeChange(t.market, ct)}
                 snapshot={snapshots[t.market]}
+                signalLoading={snapshotLoadingByMarket[t.market]}
                 running={session.running}
                 liveStatus={liveStatusByMarket[t.market] ?? (session.running ? 'connecting' : 'idle')}
                 lastTickAt={lastTickAtByMarket[t.market]}
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetSignalPanel.tsx b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetSignalPanel.tsx
index 65fbeab..c8b59ac 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetSignalPanel.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/virtual/VirtualTargetSignalPanel.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ interface Props {
   snapshot: VirtualIndicatorSnapshot | undefined;
   viewMode?: VirtualCardViewMode;
   receiving?: boolean;
+  /** 업비트 캔들 warm-up · live-conditions 수집 중 */
+  loading?: boolean;
   className?: string;
 }
 
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ const VirtualTargetSignalPanel: React.FC<Props> = ({
   snapshot,
   viewMode = 'summary',
   receiving = false,
+  loading = false,
   className = '',
 }) => {
   const rows = snapshot?.rows ?? [];
@@ -36,8 +39,10 @@ const VirtualTargetSignalPanel: React.FC<Props> = ({
 
   if (rows.length === 0) {
     return (
-      <p className={`vtd-muted vtd-card-empty${className ? ` ${className}` : ''}`}>
-        전략 조건·지표 데이터 없음
+      <p className={`vtd-muted vtd-card-empty${loading ? ' vtd-card-empty--loading' : ''}${className ? ` ${className}` : ''}`}>
+        {loading
+          ? '지표 데이터 수집 중… (업비트 캔들 · 실시간 연결)'
+          : '전략 조건·지표 데이터 없음'}
       </p>
     );
   }
diff --git a/frontend/src/hooks/useAppSettings.ts b/frontend/src/hooks/useAppSettings.ts
index 86b80fb..af01f14 100644
--- a/frontend/src/hooks/useAppSettings.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/hooks/useAppSettings.ts
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ import { migrateLocalStorageToUiPreferences } from '../utils/uiPreferencesMigrat
 // 전역 캐시 — 여러 컴포넌트에서 공유하여 중복 요청 방지
 let _cache: AppSettingsDto | null = null;
 let _loadPromise: Promise<AppSettingsDto> | null = null;
+/** invalidate 이후 완료된 로드만 캐시에 반영 */
+let _loadGeneration = 0;
 type AppSettingsListener = () => void;
 const _listeners = new Set<AppSettingsListener>();
 
@@ -74,20 +76,31 @@ export function subscribeAppSettings(listener: AppSettingsListener): () => void
 function ensureLoaded(): Promise<AppSettingsDto> {
   if (_cache !== null) return Promise.resolve(_cache);
   if (_loadPromise) return _loadPromise;
+  const generation = _loadGeneration;
   _loadPromise = loadAppSettings().then(async data => {
+    if (generation !== _loadGeneration) {
+      _loadPromise = null;
+      return _cache ?? {};
+    }
     _cache = data ?? {};
     const migrated = migrateLocalStorageToUiPreferences(_cache);
     if (migrated?.changed) {
       try {
         const saved = await saveAppSettings({ uiPreferences: migrated.uiPreferences });
-        _cache = { ..._cache, ...saved, uiPreferences: migrated.uiPreferences };
+        if (generation === _loadGeneration) {
+          _cache = { ..._cache, ...saved, uiPreferences: migrated.uiPreferences };
+        }
       } catch (e) {
         console.warn('[useAppSettings] uiPreferences 마이그레이션 저장 실패:', e);
-        _cache = { ..._cache, uiPreferences: migrated.uiPreferences };
+        if (generation === _loadGeneration) {
+          _cache = { ..._cache, uiPreferences: migrated.uiPreferences };
+        }
       }
     }
     _loadPromise = null;
-    notifyAppSettingsListeners();
+    if (generation === _loadGeneration) {
+      notifyAppSettingsListeners();
+    }
     return _cache;
   });
   return _loadPromise;
@@ -96,6 +109,7 @@ function ensureLoaded(): Promise<AppSettingsDto> {
 export function invalidateAppSettingsCache() {
   _cache = null;
   _loadPromise = null;
+  _loadGeneration += 1;
 }
 
 /** 서버에서 app-settings 재로드 후 캐시 갱신 (모바일 ↻ 동기화 등) */
@@ -167,13 +181,32 @@ export function resolveAppDefaults(s: AppSettingsDto) {
 /** sessionKey 변경 시(로그인/로그아웃) 설정을 DB에서 다시 로드 */
 export function useAppSettings(sessionKey = 0) {
   const [settings, setSettings] = useState<AppSettingsDto>(_cache ?? {});
-  const [isLoaded, setIsLoaded] = useState(false);
+  const [isLoaded, setIsLoaded] = useState(_cache !== null);
   const mountedRef = useRef(true);
+  const prevSessionKeyRef = useRef(sessionKey);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     mountedRef.current = true;
-    setIsLoaded(false);
-    invalidateAppSettingsCache();
+    const sessionChanged = prevSessionKeyRef.current !== sessionKey;
+    prevSessionKeyRef.current = sessionKey;
+
+    if (sessionChanged) {
+      if (_cache !== null) {
+        setSettings(_cache);
+        setDisplayTimezone(normalizeTimezone(_cache.displayTimezone ?? DEFAULT_DISPLAY_TIMEZONE));
+        setIsLoaded(true);
+      } else {
+        setIsLoaded(false);
+        invalidateAppSettingsCache();
+      }
+    } else if (_cache !== null) {
+      setSettings(_cache);
+      setDisplayTimezone(normalizeTimezone(_cache.displayTimezone ?? DEFAULT_DISPLAY_TIMEZONE));
+      setIsLoaded(true);
+    } else {
+      setIsLoaded(false);
+    }
+
     ensureLoaded().then(data => {
       if (mountedRef.current) {
         setSettings(data);
diff --git a/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots.ts b/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots.ts
index 151d67e..c750066 100644
--- a/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * 가상투자 카드 — 종목×전략별 지표·조건 스냅샷
- * running 시: candles/watch pin + 3초마다 백엔드 live-conditions API (종목별 독립)
+ * 전략 지정 시: candles/watch pin(업비트 warm-up) + live-conditions API
+ * running 시 3초 폴링, 미수집 시 재시도
  */
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import type { StrategyDto } from '../utils/backendApi';
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   pinCandleWatch,
   type LiveConditionRowDto,
 } from '../utils/backendApi';
+import { pinStrategyEvaluationTimeframes } from '../utils/strategyTimeframePin';
 import { formatIndicatorDisplayLabel } from '../utils/indicatorRegistry';
 import { coerceFiniteNumber } from '../utils/safeFormat';
 import {
@@ -27,6 +29,12 @@ export interface VirtualIndicatorSnapshot {
   matchRate?: number;
 }
 
+export interface VirtualIndicatorSnapshotsState {
+  snapshots: Record<string, VirtualIndicatorSnapshot>;
+  /** 업비트 캔들·live-conditions 수집 중 */
+  loadingByMarket: Record<string, boolean>;
+}
+
 function rowFallbackKey(row: Pick<VirtualConditionRow, 'side' | 'timeframe' | 'indicatorType' | 'conditionType' | 'targetValue' | 'plotKey'>): string {
   return `${row.side}:${row.timeframe}:${row.indicatorType}:${row.conditionType}:${row.targetValue ?? ''}:${row.plotKey}`;
 }
@@ -84,24 +92,38 @@ function mergeRows(
   });
 }
 
-async function buildSnapshot(
+function staticSnapshot(
+  market: string,
+  strategyId: number,
+  baseRows: VirtualConditionRow[],
+): VirtualIndicatorSnapshot {
+  return {
+    market,
+    strategyId,
+    timeframe: [...new Set(baseRows.map(r => r.timeframe))].join(', '),
+    rows: baseRows.map(r => normalizeConditionRow({ ...r, currentValue: null, satisfied: null })),
+    updatedAt: Date.now(),
+    matchRate: 0,
+  };
+}
+
+/** 백엔드가 업비트 REST·WS로 캔들 warm-up 후 Ta4j 평가 */
+async function fetchLiveSnapshot(
   market: string,
   strategyId: number,
   strategy: StrategyDto | undefined,
-  running: boolean,
+  pinFirst: boolean,
 ): Promise<VirtualIndicatorSnapshot | null> {
   const baseRows = strategy ? extractVirtualConditions(strategy) : [];
 
-  if (!running) {
-    if (baseRows.length === 0) return null;
-    return {
-      market,
-      strategyId,
-      timeframe: [...new Set(baseRows.map(r => r.timeframe))].join(', '),
-      rows: baseRows.map(r => normalizeConditionRow({ ...r, currentValue: null, satisfied: null })),
-      updatedAt: Date.now(),
-      matchRate: 0,
-    };
+  if (pinFirst) {
+    try {
+      await pinStrategyEvaluationTimeframes(market, strategyId);
+    } catch {
+      try {
+        await pinCandleWatch(market, '1m');
+      } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
   }
 
   let status: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof fetchLiveConditionStatus>> = null;
@@ -110,23 +132,20 @@ async function buildSnapshot(
   } catch {
     status = null;
   }
+
   if (!status || status.market !== market || status.strategyId !== strategyId) {
     if (baseRows.length === 0) return null;
-    return {
-      market,
-      strategyId,
-      timeframe: [...new Set(baseRows.map(r => r.timeframe))].join(', '),
-      rows: baseRows.map(r => normalizeConditionRow({ ...r, currentValue: null, satisfied: null })),
-      updatedAt: Date.now(),
-      matchRate: 0,
-    };
+    return staticSnapshot(market, strategyId, baseRows);
   }
 
+  const rows = mergeRows(baseRows, status.rows);
+  if (rows.length === 0) return null;
+
   return {
     market,
     strategyId,
     timeframe: status.timeframe || [...new Set(baseRows.map(r => r.timeframe))].join(', '),
-    rows: mergeRows(baseRows, status.rows),
+    rows,
     updatedAt: status.updatedAt || Date.now(),
     matchRate: coerceFiniteNumber(status.matchRate) ?? 0,
   };
@@ -142,12 +161,14 @@ export function useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots(
   strategies: StrategyDto[],
   running: boolean,
   pollMs = 3000,
-): Record<string, VirtualIndicatorSnapshot> {
+): VirtualIndicatorSnapshotsState {
   const [snapshots, setSnapshots] = useState<Record<string, VirtualIndicatorSnapshot>>({});
+  const [loadingByMarket, setLoadingByMarket] = useState<Record<string, boolean>>({});
   const strategiesRef = useRef(strategies);
   strategiesRef.current = strategies;
   const pinnedRef = useRef<Set<string>>(new Set());
   const refreshGenRef = useRef<Record<string, number>>({});
+  const emptyRetryRef = useRef<Record<string, number>>({});
   const targetsKey = targets.map(t => `${t.market}:${t.strategyId ?? ''}`).join('|');
 
   const pinTargets = useCallback(async () => {
@@ -155,21 +176,25 @@ export function useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots(
     const pins = new Set<string>();
     for (const t of targets) {
       if (t.strategyId == null) continue;
-      const strat = strats.find(s => s.id === t.strategyId);
-      const conditions = strat ? extractVirtualConditions(strat) : [];
-      const tfs = conditions.length > 0
-        ? [...new Set(conditions.map(c => c.timeframe))]
-        : ['1m'];
-      for (const tf of tfs) {
-        const key = `${t.market}:${tf}`;
-        pins.add(key);
-        if (!pinnedRef.current.has(key)) {
-          await pinCandleWatch(t.market, tf);
-          pinnedRef.current.add(key);
+      try {
+        const tfs = await pinStrategyEvaluationTimeframes(t.market, t.strategyId);
+        for (const tf of tfs) pins.add(`${t.market}:${tf}`);
+      } catch {
+        const strat = strats.find(s => s.id === t.strategyId);
+        const conditions = strat ? extractVirtualConditions(strat) : [];
+        const tfs = conditions.length > 0
+          ? [...new Set(conditions.map(c => c.timeframe))]
+          : ['1m'];
+        for (const tf of tfs) {
+          const key = `${t.market}:${tf}`;
+          pins.add(key);
+          if (!pinnedRef.current.has(key)) {
+            await pinCandleWatch(t.market, tf);
+            pinnedRef.current.add(key);
+          }
         }
-      }
-      const k1 = `${t.market}:1m`;
-      if (!pins.has(k1) || !tfs.includes('1m')) {
+        const k1 = `${t.market}:1m`;
+        pins.add(k1);
         if (!pinnedRef.current.has(k1)) {
           await pinCandleWatch(t.market, '1m');
           pinnedRef.current.add(k1);
@@ -183,20 +208,50 @@ export function useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots(
 
   const refresh = useCallback(async () => {
     const strats = strategiesRef.current;
-    if (running) await pinTargets();
+    const activeTargets = targets.filter(t => t.strategyId != null);
+    if (activeTargets.length === 0) {
+      setSnapshots({});
+      setLoadingByMarket({});
+      return;
+    }
 
-    const jobs = targets
-      .filter(t => t.strategyId != null)
-      .map(async t => {
-        const gen = (refreshGenRef.current[t.market] ?? 0) + 1;
-        refreshGenRef.current[t.market] = gen;
-        const strat = strats.find(s => s.id === t.strategyId);
-        const snap = await buildSnapshot(t.market, t.strategyId!, strat, running);
-        if (!snap || refreshGenRef.current[t.market] !== gen) return snap;
-        if (snap.strategyId !== t.strategyId) return snap;
-        setSnapshots(prev => ({ ...prev, [snap.market]: snap }));
-        return snap;
-      });
+    setLoadingByMarket(prev => {
+      const next = { ...prev };
+      for (const t of activeTargets) next[t.market] = true;
+      return next;
+    });
+
+    await pinTargets();
+
+    const jobs = activeTargets.map(async t => {
+      const gen = (refreshGenRef.current[t.market] ?? 0) + 1;
+      refreshGenRef.current[t.market] = gen;
+      const strat = strats.find(s => s.id === t.strategyId);
+      const baseRows = strat ? extractVirtualConditions(strat) : [];
+      const needsLiveApi = running || baseRows.length === 0;
+
+      let snap: VirtualIndicatorSnapshot | null = null;
+      if (needsLiveApi) {
+        const retry = emptyRetryRef.current[t.market] ?? 0;
+        snap = await fetchLiveSnapshot(t.market, t.strategyId!, strat, retry === 0);
+      } else {
+        snap = staticSnapshot(t.market, t.strategyId!, baseRows);
+      }
+
+      if (!snap || refreshGenRef.current[t.market] !== gen) return snap;
+      if (snap.strategyId !== t.strategyId) return snap;
+
+      if (snap.rows.length === 0) {
+        const n = (emptyRetryRef.current[t.market] ?? 0) + 1;
+        emptyRetryRef.current[t.market] = n;
+      } else {
+        emptyRetryRef.current[t.market] = 0;
+      }
+
+      setSnapshots(prev => ({ ...prev, [snap.market]: snap }));
+      setLoadingByMarket(prev => ({ ...prev, [t.market]: false }));
+      return snap;
+    });
     await Promise.all(jobs);
 
     const activeMarkets = new Set(targets.map(t => t.market));
@@ -211,20 +266,36 @@ export function useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots(
       }
       return changed ? next : prev;
     });
+    setLoadingByMarket(prev => {
+      const next = { ...prev };
+      let changed = false;
+      for (const key of Object.keys(next)) {
+        if (!activeMarkets.has(key)) {
+          delete next[key];
+          changed = true;
+        }
+      }
+      return changed ? next : prev;
+    });
   }, [targets, running, pinTargets]);
 
+  const hasStrategyTargets = targets.some(t => t.strategyId != null);
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (targets.length === 0) {
       setSnapshots({});
+      setLoadingByMarket({});
       pinnedRef.current.clear();
       refreshGenRef.current = {};
+      emptyRetryRef.current = {};
       return;
     }
     void refresh();
-    if (!running) return;
-    const id = window.setInterval(() => void refresh(), pollMs);
+    if (!running && !hasStrategyTargets) return;
+    const intervalMs = running ? pollMs : 5000;
+    const id = window.setInterval(() => void refresh(), intervalMs);
     return () => clearInterval(id);
-  }, [targetsKey, running, pollMs, refresh]);
+  }, [targetsKey, running, hasStrategyTargets, pollMs, refresh]);
 
-  return snapshots;
+  return { snapshots, loadingByMarket };
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualTargetLiveStatus.ts b/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualTargetLiveStatus.ts
index 03f52ab..5204e90 100644
--- a/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualTargetLiveStatus.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualTargetLiveStatus.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ export interface VirtualTargetLiveState {
 export function useVirtualTargetLiveStatus(
   targets: TargetRef[],
   running: boolean,
+  /** 전략 지정만 된 상태에서도 STOMP·pin으로 업비트 틱 수신 (지표 warm-up 보조) */
+  eagerConnect = true,
 ): VirtualTargetLiveState {
   const [byMarket, setByMarket] = useState<Record<string, VirtualLiveStatus>>({});
   const [lastTickAtByMarket, setLastTickAtByMarket] = useState<Record<string, number>>({});
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ export function useVirtualTargetLiveStatus(
 
   const recomputeStatus = (market: string) => {
     const s = stateRef.current[market];
-    if (!s || !running) return;
+    if (!s) return;
     const now = Date.now();
     if (s.lastTickAt != null && now - s.lastTickAt <= STALE_MS) {
       if (s.status !== 'live') patchMarket(market, { status: 'live' });
@@ -71,17 +73,18 @@ export function useVirtualTargetLiveStatus(
   };
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (!running) {
+    const activeMarkets = targets
+      .filter(t => t.strategyId != null)
+      .map(t => t.market);
+
+    const active = running || (eagerConnect && activeMarkets.length > 0);
+    if (!active) {
       stateRef.current = {};
       setByMarket({});
       setLastTickAtByMarket({});
       return;
     }
 
-    const activeMarkets = targets
-      .filter(t => t.strategyId != null)
-      .map(t => t.market);
-
     for (const market of activeMarkets) {
       if (!stateRef.current[market]) {
         stateRef.current[market] = { status: 'connecting', lastTickAt: null };
@@ -129,7 +132,7 @@ export function useVirtualTargetLiveStatus(
       offConn();
       clearInterval(staleId);
     };
-  }, [targets, running]);
+  }, [targets, running, eagerConnect]);
 
   return { statusByMarket: byMarket, lastTickAtByMarket };
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualTradingCore.ts b/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualTradingCore.ts
index 9b30e35..fec001d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualTradingCore.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/hooks/useVirtualTradingCore.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import {
   type VirtualTargetItem,
   type VirtualCardViewMode,
 } from '../utils/virtualTradingStorage';
-import { normalizeStartCandleType } from '../utils/strategyStartNodes';
 import {
   syncVirtualTargetsToBackend,
   stopVirtualLiveOnBackend,
@@ -197,7 +196,11 @@ export function useVirtualTradingCore(options: UseVirtualTradingCoreOptions = {}
     [targets, session.globalStrategyId],
   );
 
-  const snapshots = useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots(targetRefs, strategies, session.running);
+  const { snapshots, loadingByMarket: snapshotLoadingByMarket } = useVirtualIndicatorSnapshots(
+    targetRefs,
+    strategies,
+    session.running,
+  );
   const { statusByMarket: liveStatusByMarket, lastTickAtByMarket } = useVirtualTargetLiveStatus(
     targetRefs,
     session.running,
@@ -338,57 +341,6 @@ export function useVirtualTradingCore(options: UseVirtualTradingCoreOptions = {}
     }
   }, [session]);
 
-  const handleTargetCandleTypeChange = useCallback(async (market: string, candleType: string) => {
-    const normalized = normalizeStartCandleType(candleType);
-    setTargets(prev => prev.map(t =>
-      t.market === market ? { ...t, candleType: normalized } : t,
-    ));
-    if (!session.running) return;
-    const target = targets.find(t => t.market === market);
-    const strategyId = target
-      ? resolveVirtualTargetStrategyId(target, session.globalStrategyId)
-      : session.globalStrategyId;
-    if (!strategyId) return;
-    try {
-      await saveLiveStrategySettings({
-        market,
-        strategyId,
-        isLiveCheck: true,
-        executionType: session.executionType,
-        positionMode: session.positionMode,
-        skipWatchlistSync: true,
-        skipGlobalTemplate: true,
-      });
-      await pinStrategyEvaluationTimeframes(market, strategyId);
-    } catch {
-      window.alert('종목 평가 분봉 변경 저장에 실패했습니다.');
-    }
-  }, [session, targets]);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let cancelled = false;
-    const missing = targets.filter(t => !t.candleType);
-    if (missing.length === 0) return;
-    void Promise.all(
-      missing.map(async t => {
-        try {
-          const s = await loadLiveStrategySettings(t.market);
-          return { market: t.market, candleType: s.candleType };
-        } catch {
-          return { market: t.market, candleType: undefined };
-        }
-      }),
-    ).then(rows => {
-      if (cancelled) return;
-      setTargets(prev => prev.map(t => {
-        const row = rows.find(r => r.market === t.market);
-        if (t.candleType || !row?.candleType) return t;
-        return { ...t, candleType: normalizeStartCandleType(row.candleType) };
-      }));
-    });
-    return () => { cancelled = true; };
-  }, [targets.map(t => `${t.market}:${t.candleType ?? ''}`).join('|')]);
-
   const resyncRunningSession = useCallback(async (nextSession: VirtualSessionConfig) => {
     if (!session.running || targets.length === 0) return;
     try {
@@ -448,6 +400,7 @@ export function useVirtualTradingCore(options: UseVirtualTradingCoreOptions = {}
     setViewMode,
     refreshPaperData,
     snapshots,
+    snapshotLoadingByMarket,
     liveStatusByMarket: mergedLiveStatus,
     lastTickAtByMarket,
     strategyNames,
@@ -460,7 +413,6 @@ export function useVirtualTradingCore(options: UseVirtualTradingCoreOptions = {}
     handleExecutionTypeChange,
     handlePositionModeChange,
     handleTargetStrategyChange,
-    handleTargetCandleTypeChange,
     reloadTargetsFromStorage,
     appChartDefaults,
   };
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/trendSearchAutoAddTargets.ts b/frontend/src/utils/trendSearchAutoAddTargets.ts
index 42b82dc..b53f17e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/trendSearchAutoAddTargets.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/trendSearchAutoAddTargets.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export async function autoAddTrendSearchTargets(
     const { koreanName, englishName } = resolveVirtualTargetNames(row.market, row.koreanName);
     targets = await addVirtualTarget(
       row.market,
-      { koreanName, englishName, candleType: timeframe },
+      { koreanName, englishName },
       { showLimitAlert: false },
     );
   }
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/virtualTargetMutations.ts b/frontend/src/utils/virtualTargetMutations.ts
index 83643be..0ac5a90 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/virtualTargetMutations.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/virtualTargetMutations.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import {
   isVirtualTargetAddAllowed,
   virtualTargetLimitMessage,
 } from '../utils/virtualTargetLimits';
-import { normalizeStartCandleType } from './strategyStartNodes';
 import { syncVirtualTargetsToBackend } from './virtualLiveStrategySync';
 import { resolveVirtualTargetStrategyId } from './virtualTargetStrategy';
 import {
@@ -18,8 +17,6 @@ import {
 export interface VirtualTargetMeta {
   koreanName?: string;
   englishName?: string;
-  /** 추세검색 캔들 주기 → 투자대상 평가 분봉 기본값 */
-  candleType?: string;
 }
 
 export interface AddVirtualTargetOptions {
@@ -51,7 +48,6 @@ export async function addVirtualTarget(
     strategyId: null,
     koreanName: meta.koreanName,
     englishName: en,
-    candleType: meta.candleType ? normalizeStartCandleType(meta.candleType) : undefined,
   };
 
   const next = [...targets, item];
@@ -64,7 +60,6 @@ export async function addVirtualTarget(
     isPinned: false,
     executionType: session.executionType,
     positionMode: session.positionMode,
-    candleType: item.candleType ?? '1m',
     skipWatchlistSync: true,
     skipGlobalTemplate: true,
   });
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/virtualTargetsHydrate.ts b/frontend/src/utils/virtualTargetsHydrate.ts
index 432c478..6519a93 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/virtualTargetsHydrate.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/virtualTargetsHydrate.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ function fromLiveSettings(
     return {
       market: s.market,
       strategyId: s.strategyId ?? globalStrategyId,
-      candleType: s.candleType,
       koreanName,
       englishName,
       pinned: !!s.isPinned,
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/virtualTradingStorage.ts b/frontend/src/utils/virtualTradingStorage.ts
index 0a6e764..05d9e06 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/virtualTradingStorage.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/virtualTradingStorage.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import { normalizeStartCandleType } from './strategyStartNodes';
 import { resolveVirtualTargetNames } from './virtualTargetNames';
 import { getUiPreferences, patchUiPreferences } from './uiPreferencesDb';
 
@@ -7,8 +6,6 @@ import { getUiPreferences, patchUiPreferences } from './uiPreferencesDb';
 export interface VirtualTargetItem {
   market: string;
   strategyId: number | null;
-  /** 종목별 전략 평가 분봉 (gc_live_strategy_settings.candle_type) */
-  candleType?: string;
   koreanName?: string;
   englishName?: string;
   /** 투자대상 고정 — ON 이면 목록·추세검색에서 삭제 불가 (gc_live_strategy_settings.is_pinned) */
@@ -35,6 +32,7 @@ function defaultSession(): VirtualSessionConfig {
   };
 }
 
+/** 레거시 ui_preferences.virtual.targets.candleType 제거 */
 function normalizeTargets(items: VirtualTargetItem[]): VirtualTargetItem[] {
   return items.map(t => {
     const { koreanName, englishName } = resolveVirtualTargetNames(
@@ -42,7 +40,13 @@ function normalizeTargets(items: VirtualTargetItem[]): VirtualTargetItem[] {
       t.koreanName,
       t.englishName,
     );
-    return { ...t, koreanName, englishName };
+    return {
+      market: t.market,
+      strategyId: t.strategyId ?? null,
+      koreanName,
+      englishName,
+      pinned: t.pinned,
+    };
   });
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ export function loadVirtualTargets(): VirtualTargetItem[] {
 }
 
 export function saveVirtualTargets(items: VirtualTargetItem[]): void {
-  patchUiPreferences({ virtual: { targets: items } });
+  patchUiPreferences({ virtual: { targets: normalizeTargets(items) } });
   notifyVirtualSessionChanged();
 }
 
@@ -87,14 +91,3 @@ export function loadVirtualCardViewMode(): VirtualCardViewMode {
 export function saveVirtualCardViewMode(mode: VirtualCardViewMode): void {
   patchUiPreferences({ virtual: { cardViewMode: mode } });
 }
-
-/** 카드 시간봉 드롭다운 기본값 — 저장값 → 스냅샷 → 1m */
-export function resolveTargetCandleType(
-  item: Pick<VirtualTargetItem, 'candleType'>,
-  snapshotTimeframe?: string | null,
-): string {
-  if (item.candleType) return normalizeStartCandleType(item.candleType);
-  const raw = snapshotTimeframe?.split(',')[0]?.trim();
-  if (raw) return normalizeStartCandleType(raw);
-  return '1m';
-}
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/api/backendApi.ts b/packages/shared/src/api/backendApi.ts
index 4d34551..be05b89 100644
--- a/packages/shared/src/api/backendApi.ts
+++ b/packages/shared/src/api/backendApi.ts
@@ -10,12 +10,34 @@ import { storageGetSync, storageSetSync } from '../storage/index.js';
 /** Flow layout stored with strategy (matches frontend StrategyFlowLayoutStore). */
 export type StrategyFlowLayoutStore = Record<string, unknown>;
 
-function resolveApiBase(): string {
-  const fromEnv = typeof import.meta !== 'undefined'
-    ? (import.meta as ImportMeta & { env?: Record<string, string> }).env?.VITE_API_BASE_URL
+/** 배포 APK·exdev 기본 (HTTPS 443 미개방 — 반드시 http) */
+export const PRODUCTION_API_BASE = 'http://exdev.co.kr/api';
+
+function viteEnv(): Record<string, string> | undefined {
+  return typeof import.meta !== 'undefined'
+    ? (import.meta as ImportMeta & { env?: Record<string, string> }).env
     : undefined;
-  const fromStorage = storageGetSync('gc_api_base_url');
-  return fromStorage || fromEnv || 'http://localhost:8080/api';
+}
+
+/** 저장된 API URL 정규화 — https exdev·localhost 제거 */
+export function normalizeApiBaseUrl(url: string | null | undefined): string | null {
+  if (!url?.trim()) return null;
+  let u = url.trim().replace(/\/$/, '');
+  if (/localhost|127\.0\.0\.1/i.test(u)) return null;
+  if (/^https:\/\/exdev\.co\.kr/i.test(u)) {
+    u = u.replace(/^https:/i, 'http:');
+  }
+  return u;
+}
+
+function resolveApiBase(): string {
+  const env = viteEnv();
+  const fromStorage = normalizeApiBaseUrl(storageGetSync('gc_api_base_url'));
+  const fromEnv = normalizeApiBaseUrl(env?.VITE_API_BASE_URL);
+  if (fromStorage) return fromStorage;
+  if (fromEnv) return fromEnv;
+  if (env?.PROD) return PRODUCTION_API_BASE;
+  return 'http://localhost:8080/api';
 }
 
 /** 백엔드 REST base */
@@ -82,8 +104,9 @@ function authHeaders(): Record<string, string> {
   return headers;
 }
 
-const DEFAULT_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
-const LOGIN_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
+const DEFAULT_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 45_000;
+/** exdev 첫 로그인 응답이 60초 이상 걸리는 경우 있음 */
+const LOGIN_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 180_000;
 
 function wrapNetworkError(e: unknown): Error {
   if (e instanceof TypeError || (e instanceof Error && /failed to fetch/i.test(e.message))) {
diff --git a/scripts/ensure-android-google-services.sh b/scripts/ensure-android-google-services.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e6d6246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/ensure-android-google-services.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# app/google-services.json → app/android/app/ (Gradle google-services 플러그인)
+set -euo pipefail
+ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
+SRC="$ROOT/app/google-services.json"
+DEST="$ROOT/app/android/app/google-services.json"
+
+if [[ ! -f "$SRC" ]]; then
+  echo "[FCM] google-services.json 없음: $SRC"
+  echo "  Firebase Console → com.goldenchart.app → json 다운로드 후 app/ 에 두세요."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! grep -q '"package_name": "com.goldenchart.app"' "$SRC" 2>/dev/null; then
+  echo "[FCM] $SRC 에 com.goldenchart.app 패키지가 없습니다."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$DEST")"
+cp "$SRC" "$DEST"
+echo "[FCM] ✓ $DEST"
diff --git a/scripts/setup-android-fcm.sh b/scripts/setup-android-fcm.sh
index 3895c69..cf80458 100755
--- a/scripts/setup-android-fcm.sh
+++ b/scripts/setup-android-fcm.sh
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ if [[ -f "$DEST" ]]; then
 fi
 
 if [[ -n "${1:-}" && -f "$1" ]]; then
+  cp "$1" "$ROOT/app/google-services.json"
   cp "$1" "$DEST"
-  echo "✓ 복사: $1 → $DEST"
+  echo "✓ 복사: $1 → app/google-services.json 및 $DEST"
   exit 0
 fi
 
diff --git a/scripts/upload-android-apk.sh b/scripts/upload-android-apk.sh
index 21d5b88..768f45d 100755
--- a/scripts/upload-android-apk.sh
+++ b/scripts/upload-android-apk.sh
@@ -166,6 +166,13 @@ build_apk_locally() {
     exit 1
   fi
 
+  echo -e "${CYAN}[빌드] google-services.json → android/app${NC}"
+  "$ROOT/scripts/ensure-android-google-services.sh"
+
+  if [[ ! -f "$ROOT/app/.env" ]] || ! grep -q 'VITE_API_BASE_URL=http' "$ROOT/app/.env" 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠ app/.env 에 VITE_API_BASE_URL=http://exdev.co.kr/api 확인 (HTTPS 아님)${NC}"
+  fi
+
   echo -e "${CYAN}[빌드] npm run cap:sync${NC}"
   npm run cap:sync