diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/backendApi.ts b/frontend/src/utils/backendApi.ts
index c54ae73..3f88cc6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/utils/backendApi.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/backendApi.ts
@@ -1084,8 +1084,12 @@ export interface StrategyDto {
 
 /** 전략 목록 로드 + localStorage·설정의 stale strategyId 정리 */
 export async function loadStrategies(): Promise<StrategyDto[]> {
-  if (!hasRegisteredUser()) return [];
+  if (!hasRegisteredUser()) {
+    console.warn('[backendApi] loadStrategies: hasRegisteredUser=false (gc_user_id=%s)', localStorage.getItem('gc_user_id'));
+    return [];
+  }
   const list = (await request<StrategyDto[]>('/strategies')) ?? [];
+  console.debug('[backendApi] loadStrategies: %d건 반환', list.length);
   try {
     const { applyStrategyReferenceSanitize } = await import('./strategyReferenceSanitize');
     await applyStrategyReferenceSanitize(list);